Metastatic and pathophysiological characteristics of breast cancer with emphasis on hereditary factors
Azita
Faramarzi
Fertility and Infertility Research Center, Health Technology Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
author
Masoumeh
Golestan Jahromi
Department of Advanced Medical Science & amp, Technologies, School of Medicine, Jahrom University of Medical Sciences, Jahrom, Iran
author
Sareh
Ashourzadeh
Afzalipour clinical center for infertility, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
author
Nasrin
Jalilian
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.
author
text
article
2021
eng
Breast cancer is the most common type of cancer among women and the second leading cause of deaths after lung cancer. Each year, more than 180,000 new cases of breast cancer are diagnosed in the United States. The risk of breast cancer is low before the age of 35, but the high prevalence of this type of cancer is diagnosed after the age of 35. The risk of developing breast cancer in a woman's lifetime is about 10% and 5-10% with a familiar genetic basis. The accumulation of breast and ovarian cancers in certain families indicates that genetic variations are involved in developing these types of cancers. In 1994, two genes were identified to be linked to familial breast cancers. Gene variations in these two genes (BRCA1 and BRCA2) are found in most familial breast cancers, and variations in several other genes may also be involved in this cancer. The molecular functions of BRCA1 and BRCA2 are still unclear, although they could be involved in repairing damaged DNA or regulating the transcription of hormone-responsive genes. Mutations in these genes are predominantly autosomally transmitted by variable penetration. Women with BRCA1 variations are up to 50 percent more susceptible to breast cancer pending their lifetime. However, there are some other genes in which the variation may result in breast cancer occurrence. In this paper, we assessed some features of breast cancer to focus on hereditary aspects.
Central Asian Journal of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences Innovation
Central Asian Scientific Press (CAS Press)
2783-0993
1
v.
3
no.
2021
104
113
http://www.cajmpsi.com/article_131715_daa837507dcdda75e65a610d5287a80d.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22034/CAJMPSI.2021.03.01
Early diagnostic biomarkers of Lung cancer; a review study
Mostafa
Khafaei
Human Genetics Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences Tehran, Iran
author
Ali
Miri
Human Genetics Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences Tehran, Iran
author
Ebrahim
Kiani
Human Genetics Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences Tehran, Iran
author
Elham
Danesh
Abadan Faculty of Medical Sciences,Abadan,Iran
author
Mehdi
Naderi
Human Genetics Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences Tehran, Iran
author
text
article
2021
eng
Lung cancer is the main cause of cancer-related death. Typically, lung cancer has been classified in two histologic types; small and non-small cell (NSC), with adenocarcinoma, squamous cell form and large cell type. The availability of predictive biomarkers for the treatment of NSC lung cancer (NSCLC) has been changed in recent decades, especially in the form of adenocarcinoma. Controlling for sensitizing mutations inside the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) for patients with advanced adenocarcinomas is currently needed before the achievement of anti-EGFR inhibitors (such as erlotinib, gefitinib, afatinib or osimertinib). In a patient with no signs of tumor tissue, the EGFR mutational plasma and urine examination may be performed. ALK gene rearrangement research is required to predict crizotinib reaction. Treatment with ceritinib, alectinib or brigatinib also relies on ALK rearrangements. PD-L1 should be tested with an approved assay to model reactions in patients with advanced adenocarcinoma or squamous cell NSCLCs to the single pembrolizumab agent in their first-line therapy. As miRNAs are a vital biomarker (diagnostic biomarkers), miRNAs also could be used as a dynamic tumor predictor before and during therapy because of their function in carcinogenesis at all stages. Nevertheless, lncRNA sheds fresh insight into our tumor pathway perception. In biomedicine, lncRNA is intensely involved, which can be used for a wide variety of cancers as a clinical diagnostic and prediction predictor.
Central Asian Journal of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences Innovation
Central Asian Scientific Press (CAS Press)
2783-0993
1
v.
3
no.
2021
114
130
http://www.cajmpsi.com/article_131716_1a33ddbdd5fc4c2520214d9d5200e205.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22034/CAJMPSI.2021.03.02
Diabetic retinopathy: mechanisms, and upcoming biomarkers
Muhammed
Ercisli
Basaksehir Cam and Sakura City Hospital, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University of Health Science, Istanbul, Turkey
author
Toktam
Sadat Tavabe Ghavami
Pars Advanced and Minimally Invasive Medical Manners Research Center, Pars Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
author
Farzane
Alaei
Pars Advanced and Minimally Invasive Medical Manners Research Center, Pars Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
author
Fatemeh
Pashizeh
Pars Advanced and Minimally Invasive Medical Manners Research Center, Pars Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
author
text
article
2021
eng
Obesity is an important issue that affects many people all over the world. This condition contributes to an increase in prevalence of type 2 diabetes. Furthermore, an unexplained rise in the number of type 1 diabetes has occurred. However, due to the recent developments in the field of diabetes care, it is still a significant cause of visual impairment in elderly. Diabetic retinopathy (D.R) is a critical issue for many people with diabetes. Various risk factors have been identified for diabetic retinopathy, including; blood pressure, weight, serum levels of lipid, and glycemic status. This pathology could be detected and treated by regular screening procedures, especially for late-stage of retinopathy. Angiogenesis inhibition is considered a modern therapy using intraocular steroids and intravitreal application of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) treatments. Unfortunately, a majority of patients with diabetic retinopathy are unable to benefit from accessible medications. Diabetic retinopathy is more severe which require modern treatments. Discovering the molecular markers can increase the speed of research on D.R. Thus, there is a significant increase in diabetes and the urgent need for accurate detection of following diabetic retinopathy. Pathology can help in the detection of retinopathy in developing treatments and preventative methods for diabetic vision loss. This article discussed many important biomarker discoveries in these pathologic conditions.
Central Asian Journal of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences Innovation
Central Asian Scientific Press (CAS Press)
2783-0993
1
v.
3
no.
2021
131
142
http://www.cajmpsi.com/article_131790_6e7dea8777850804f494d482b45692eb.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22034/CAJMPSI.2021.03.03
Prostate cancer as a multifactorial disorder: an overview of the different sides of disease
Saeideh
Moradi
Department of Surgical Technology, Paramedic School, Hamedan University of Medical Sciences, Hamedan, Iran
author
Mohsen
Khakzad Kelarijani
Department of Genetics, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
author
Vahid
Shokri
Department of Reproductive Biology, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
author
text
article
2021
eng
Prostate cancer is the most common cancer in males and the second leading cause of death after lung cancer. Prostate tumors are sometimes benign, but malignant ones are clinically divided into two categories. The first group, which appears as a mass with no invasion to other tissues, is known as non-invasive tumors. The second group which causes the majority of mortality is known as invasive tumors. If normal cells are not needed, the process of apoptosis occurs. Two critical signalling pathways called mTOR / AKT / PI3K and ERK / MEK / Raf / Ras play a key role in regulating the growth of cancer cells. Typically, the Phosphatase and tensin homologue (PTEN) protein blocks the PI3K / AKT / MTOR pathway when the cell is ready for apoptosis. In some prostate cancers, the gene makes the PTEN protein mutate, so the PI3K / AKT / MTOR pathway remains active, and the cancer cells lose their apoptotic ability. Thus, gene mutations can be an essential factor in the development of prostate cancer. In this review, different aspects of prostate cancer are evaluated as a multifactorial disorder.
Central Asian Journal of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences Innovation
Central Asian Scientific Press (CAS Press)
2783-0993
1
v.
3
no.
2021
143
150
http://www.cajmpsi.com/article_132201_37d1075f56baea44af3f3618c920c93c.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22034/CAJMPSI.2021.03.04
Infections of vector flow and palindrome catheters in permanent hemodialysis patients; epidemiology, surveillance, and evaluation during a 12-month period
Zahra
Kahrarian
Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Razi University Kermanshah, Iran
author
Mozhdeh
Horriat
Department of Research and Technology, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
author
Amirhosein
Meisami
Department Emergency Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
author
text
article
2021
eng
Today, according to the high levels of chronic renal failure prevalence, the application of permanent catheters has been increased. Effective development and identification of influential factors can lead to the long-term usage of catheter, reduced complications and improved life quality in patients. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the infection ofVector flow and the Palindrome catheters during vascular access in permanent hemodialysis patients. This clinical trial study was conducted on 185 hemodialysis patients with a permanent catheter in the Imam Reza Hospital in Kermanshah, Iran (2018). The patients were randomly allocated to the Vector flow(n=76) and the palindrome (n=70) groups. Data analysis was performed using SPSS software and statistical tests. P-value < 0.05 were considered significant. Totally, of 185 hemodialysis patients (59.6%) were male and (44.5%) female (44.5%). The average survival of the Vector flow (52.1%) was 6.55 ± 3.88 for most patients, and the palindrome (47.9 %) was 5.22 ± 2.88. The survival rates of the Vector flow(6.55) were more than the palindrome was (5.22). Also, in this study, survival rates during 3 and 6 months follow-up, was more significant than the palindrome group (P = 0.049). Catheter removal due to infection was observed in 15 patients (P =1.0). In this study, factors of age, gender, out catheter infection did not affect the survival rates in both catheters. In this study,catheter function in the vector flow group was more significant than the Palindrome group. Results showed that different catheter such as shape, tip, and diameter, were not affected by the survival rates of the two types of catheters at 12 month. Also, factors such as infection age, gender, and occupation did not affect the survival rates of permanent hemodialysis catheters in the Vector flow and the palindrome.
Central Asian Journal of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences Innovation
Central Asian Scientific Press (CAS Press)
2783-0993
1
v.
3
no.
2021
151
155
http://www.cajmpsi.com/article_132198_06c120c7e1436e37d6e94616f1177bc1.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22034/CAJMPSI.2021.03.05
Stroke as a neurodegenerative disease; a review of the introduction, epidemiology, diagnosis, complications and causes
Mohsen
Sirdani
Department of Surgical Technology, Paramedic School, Hamedan University of Medical Sciences, Hamedan, Iran
author
Fatima
Zohreh-Vand
Member of Research Committee, Medical School, Hamedan University of Medical Sciences, Hamedan, Iran
author
Mohammad
Torabi
Department of Nursing, School of Nahavand Paramedic, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
author
text
article
2021
eng
Ischemic stroke is a cardiovascular disease that accounts for many deaths and disabilities in developed and developing countries. Stroke can be an ischemic, hemorrhagic, or transient ischemic attack (TIA). Ischemic or obstructive stroke is one of the most common types of stroke that is caused by an obstruction in the arteries supplying blood to the brain. This blockage reduces blood flow and oxygen to the brain leading to damage or death of cells. Failure to re-establish blood circulation can lead to permanent brain damage. Blood tests, electrocardiograms, CT scans or MRIs, vascular imaging, and electroencephalograms are some of the methods used to diagnose ischemia. Major risk factors for stroke such as obesity, diabetes, hypertension, high cholesterol, hyperlipidemia and atherosclerosis have been well established. However, the exact mechanism of stroke is not yet fully understood and may be due to the complex interactions of environmental and genetic factors. Among the genetic factors, there are variants related to the regulation of biosynthesis and catabolism of fats and cholesterol. Given the importance of this issue, the purpose of this study reviewed the epidemiology, diagnostic methods, complications and causes of stroke.
Central Asian Journal of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences Innovation
Central Asian Scientific Press (CAS Press)
2783-0993
1
v.
3
no.
2021
156
164
http://www.cajmpsi.com/article_132199_6ef8a4e3a41a18884b7a62c84f2906a9.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22034/CAJMPSI.2021.03.06