ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Genetic and epigenetic collaboration in Parkinson’s disease
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a common neurodegenerative syndrome directly related to age development. This pathologic condition presents in many types of forms. Some efforts applied to understand PD development include regulation of epigenetic mechanisms, which usually include minor molecular modifications of DNA and histones, which are essential to regulate genetic activity. We have highlighted the problems associated with the development of genetic and epigenetic processes and reviewed several studies. None of these led to more vital conclusions about the autonomous roles of epigenetic pathways. Data from the current standpoint suggested that the SNCA, one of the hallmark genes implicated in PD, is more prevalent than pathways that directly require DNA methylation due to complicated DNA hydroxyl-methylation, global hyper-acetylation and histone deacetylase (HDAC). Without current epigenetic clinical goals to delay PD progression, we hypothesize how PD neurons, with the potential therapeutic objectives, can affect local and global epigenetics via inflammation, oxidative stress, autophagy and DNA repair mechanisms.
http://www.cajmpsi.com/article_131718_683f677638b1816e088962f17be59213.pdf
2021-08-01
165
175
10.22034/CAJMPSI.2021.04.01
Parkinson’s disease
DNA Methylation
histone modifications
Epigenetics
histone
MicroRNA
Mostafa
Khafaei
mn.khafaei@yahoo.com
1
Human Genetics Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Ebrahim
Kiani
kiani_1982@yahoo.com
2
Human Genetics Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
Mehdi
Naderi
14ma.mn@gmail.com
3
Human Genetics Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
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ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Correlation of a well-known genetic variation in one carbon metabolism pathway with breast cancer susceptibility in Iranian population
The one carbon metabolism pathway is an important cycle in the cellular reactions. One of a key gene in the mentioned pathway is methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase. This gene contains numerous variations that the rs1801133 is considered as the most common polymorphism of this gene. This study aimed to examine the correlation of above-mentioned genetic variation with breast tumor risk in Iran by meta-analysis. In a systematic search, valid electronic databases such as PubMed and Goggle scholar were used to gain eligible studies. After search and screening procedure five suitable papers were included in our meta-analysis. To evaluate the strength of association values, the odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) were examined by http://bioinfo.genyo.es/metagenyo online software. The data from meta-analysis illustrated that the rs1801133 genetic variation is correlated with breast cancer in TT vs. CC and TT vs. CC+CT hereditary models within Iranian women. Also, the pooled OR revealed that the studies with sample size> 250 are associated with breast cancer. According to these finding the studied single nucleotide polymorphism could be considered as molecular genetic variation for breast cancer in Iranian women.
http://www.cajmpsi.com/article_134444_4413a95b48000c74d4dc0269e25c82c6.pdf
2021-08-01
176
184
10.22034/CAJMPSI.2021.04.02
Genetic variation
risk factor
One-carbon metabolism
Iran
Mahya
Hamzeie
mahya.ham1996@gmail.com
1
Member of Research Committee, Medical School, Hamedan University of Medical Sciences, Hamedan, Iran
AUTHOR
Amir
Abdolmaleki
enjoyanatomy@gmail.com
2
Department of Anatomical Sciences, Medical School, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
AUTHOR
Fateme
Zohreh-Vand
fatemezohrevand96@gmail.com
3
Member of Research Committee, Medical School, Hamedan University of Medical Sciences, Hamedan, Iran
AUTHOR
Saeed
Khazayel
saeed.khazayel@gmail.com
4
Department of Research and Technology of Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
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ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Endometriosis as female reproductive system disorder: mechanisms, diagnosis and clinical management
Endometriosis is a gynecological, chronic, and inflammatory disease affecting one in ten women globally. It occurs when tissues similar to the endometrial layer of the uterus grow outside the uterine body leading to inflammation, pain, and infertility. The most common site of endometriotic lesions is the pelvic cavity, especially the ovaries. Thus, at the same time as menstruation, these points initiate bleeding, which results in many difficulties. So far, several mechanisms of endometriosis have been suggested, such as retrograde menstruation, the influence of environmental and genetic factors, and hormonal causes. In some cases, this pathologic condition occurs following pregnancy or pelvic surgery. Disease management also involves the use of painkillers and contraceptive hormones for a relatively long time or even the use of laparoscopy to remove the pathologic lesions. In this review, the mechanisms of endometriosis were discussed, as well as various aspects of the disease in the field of diagnosis and treatment were assessed.
http://www.cajmpsi.com/article_134445_2258abe1b99e4e3003cede15d1b95130.pdf
2021-08-01
185
193
10.22034/CAJMPSI.2021.04.03
Endometriosis
Inflammation
genetic factors
hormone therapy
Disease Management
Mahta
Bagheri
mahtabagheri97@gmail.com
1
Member of Research Committee, Medical School, Hamedan University of Medical Sciences, Hamedan, Iran
AUTHOR
Fatima
Zohreh-Vand
fatemezohrevand96@gmail.com
2
Member of Research Committee, Medical School, Hamedan University of Medical Sciences, Hamedan, Iran
AUTHOR
Mahya
Hamzeie
mahya.ham1996@gmail.com
3
Department of Anatomical Sciences, Medical School, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
AUTHOR
Babak
Arji Roudsari
babak.arji@gmail.com
4
Department of Anatomical Sciences, Medical School, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
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ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Extrinsic and intrinsic pathways of apoptosis and related molecules in ischemic stroke
Cerebral ischemia is a disease in which there is not enough blood flow to the brain tissue for metabolism. Stroke includes two types of ischemic with a frequency of approximately 85% and hemorrhagic with a frequency of approximately 15%. Various mechanisms cause neuronal death in cerebral ischemia, including increased extracellular glutamate amino acid concentration, inflammation, oxidative stress, apoptosis, and necrosis-induced cell death. Each of these mechanisms appears to extend through distinct molecular cascades. Although several mechanisms are involved in the pathogenesis of cerebral ischemia, apoptosis plays a major role in cell death after cerebral ischemia. Some minutes after the onset of focal cerebral ischemia, the core region in the brain ischemic tissues severe blood flow is fatally damaged, leading to cell death. Following cerebral ischemia, apoptosis begins through two general pathways. One is the intrinsic pathway that occurs mainly in the mitochondria and releases cytochrome C and is involved in the stimulation of caspase-3. The other is the extrinsic pathway that begins with the activity of death receptors on the surface of neurons and leads to the stimulation of caspase-8. Key molecules are involved in the process of cell apoptosis, the most important of which are calpain, caspases, and c-Jun N-terminal kinases. This study aimed to describe the process of apoptosis in cerebral ischemia and to introduce the above-mentioned molecules.
http://www.cajmpsi.com/article_136178_26546e7e2419c9c6b2f54666db127995.pdf
2021-08-01
194
204
10.22034/CAJMPSI.2021.04.04
ischemic stroke
Cellular signaling
Apoptosis
calpain
caspase
Nooshin
Mohtasham
mohtashamn@mumd.ac.ir
1
Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
AUTHOR
Reza
Zare Mahmoudabadi
zarer@mums.ac.ir
2
Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
AUTHOR
Farnaz
Mohajertehran
mohajertf@mums.ac.ir
3
Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, School of Dentistry, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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