Triple-negative breast cancer: biology, pathology, and treatment

Miri, Ali; Kiani, Ebrahim; Habibi, Sajad; Khafaei, Mostafa

doi:10.22034/CAJMPSI.2021.02.05

Triple-negative breast cancer: biology, pathology, and treatment

Document Type : Review Paper

Authors

Human Genetics Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences Tehran, Iran

10.22034/CAJMPSI.2021.02.05

Abstract

Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a subtype of breast tumor which comprises 24% of newly diagnosed tumors that lacks hormone receptor expression and HER2 gene amplification. This study illustrated the pathological features of triple negative breast cancer with special reference to the landmark research that molecularly characterize this subtype of breast cancer. Additionally, this article discusses functional problems with arisen in clinical routine as a result of advent genetic expression breast cancer profiling and it's novel prognostic and predictive effects on triple-negative breast cancer pathology. Additionally, histopathological features of triple-negative neoplasms are discussed, emphasizing the critical nature of histologic detection in specific cancer subtypes with a significant effect on clinical results. Notably, emphasis is placed on the emerging clinical frontier represented by immunotherapy, with special emphasis on the implementation of immune checkpoint inhibitors in TNBC therapy and their effect on potential treatments.

Graphical Abstract

Highlights

Ki-67 expression is closely related to the TNBC phenotype.
BRCA1 promoter methylation has been linked to low overall survival in TNBC patients.
PD-1 is a biomarker for anti-cancer medication resistance.

Keywords

Main Subjects

Genetics

Full Text

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